The Role of Super PACs in US Politics

A super PAC is a modern breed of a political action committee thats allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals, and associations to influence the outcome of state and federal elections. The rise of the super PAC was heralded as the beginning of a new era in politics in which elections would be determined by the vast sums of money flowing into them, leaving average voters with little to no influence. The term super PAC is used to describe what is technically known in federal election code as an independent expenditure-only committee. They are relatively easy to create under federal election laws. There is about 2,400 super PACs on file with the Federal Election Commission. They raised about $1.8 billion and spent $1.1 billion in the 2016 election cycle, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Function of a Super PAC The role of a super PAC is similar to that of a traditional political action committee. A super PAC advocates for the election or defeat of candidates for federal office by purchasing television, radio and print advertisements and other media. There are conservative super PACs and liberal super PACs. Difference Between a Super PAC and Political Action Committee The most important difference between a super PAC and traditional candidate PAC is in who can contribute, and in how much they can give. Candidates and traditional candidate committees can accept $2,700 from individuals per election cycle. There are two election cycles a year: one for the primary, the other for the general election in November. That means they can take in a maximum of $5,400 a year -- half in the primary, and half in the general election. Candidates and traditional candidate committees are prohibited from accepting money from corporations, unions, and associations. Federal election code prohibits those entities from contributing directly to candidates or candidate committees. Super PACs, though, have no limitations on who contributes to them or how much they can spend on influencing an election. They can raise as much money from corporations, unions, and associations as they please and spend unlimited amounts on advocating for the election or defeat of the candidates of their choice. Some of the money that flows into super PACs cannot be traced. That money is often referred to as dark money. Individuals can mask their identities and the money they give by contribution first to  outside groups including nonprofit  501[c] groups  or  social welfare organizations  that go on to spend tens of millions of dollars on political ads. Restrictions on Super PACs The most important restriction prohibits any super PAC from working in conjunction with a candidate its supporting. According to the Federal Election Commission, super PACs cannot spend money â€Å"in concert or cooperation with, or at the request or suggestion of, a candidate, the candidates campaign or a political party.† History of Super PACs Super PACs came into existence in July 2010 following two key federal court decisions that found limitations on both corporate and individual contributions to be unconstitutional violations of the First Amendment right to free speech. In SpeechNow.org v. Federal Election Commission, a federal court found restrictions on individual contributions to independent organizations that seek to influence elections to be unconstitutional. And in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that limits on corporate and union spending to influence elections were also unconstitutional. â€Å"We now conclude that independent expenditures, including those made by corporations, do not give rise to corruption or the appearance of corruption,† Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote. Combined, the rulings allowed individuals, unions and other organizations to contribute freely to political action committees that are independent of political candidates. Super PAC Controversies Critics who believe money corrupts the political process say the court rulings and creation of super PACs opened the floodgates to widespread corruption. In 2012, U.S. Sen. John McCain warned: I guarantee there will be a scandal, there is too much money washing around politics, and it’s making the campaigns irrelevant. McCain and other critics said the rulings allowed wealthy corporations and unions to have an unfair advantage in electing candidates to federal office. In writing his dissenting opinion for the Supreme Court, Justice John Paul Stevens opined of the majority: At bottom, the Courts opinion is thus a rejection of the common sense of the American people, who have recognized a need to prevent corporations from undermining self-government since the founding, and who have fought against the distinctive corrupting potential of corporate electioneering since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. Another criticism of super PACs arises from the allowance of some nonprofit groups to contribute to them without disclosing where their money came from, a loophole that allows so-called dark money to flow directly into elections. Super PAC Examples Super PACs spend tens of millions of dollars in presidential races. Some of the most powerful include: Right to Rise, a super PAC that spent more than $86 million supporting  former Florida Gov. Jeb Bushs failed bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.Conservative Solutions PAC, which spent nearly $56 million supporting U.S. Sen. Marco Rubios failed bid  for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.Priorities USA Action, which spent more than $133 million supporting  Hillarys Clintons bid for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 and backed President Barack Obama in 2012. Another prominent pro-Hillary super PAC is Ready for Hillary.New Day for America, which spent more than $11  million supporting Ohio Gov. John Kasichs campaign for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.

Types Of Diversion Programs Currently Used - 821 Words

Please email your instructor answering the following questions: 1. Describe the types of diversion programs currently used. Diversion programs are a deferment of the criminal process, where offenders can participate in community-based treatment programs. Typically, diversion programs are used with juvenile first time offenders. However, there is also an adult diversion program, which is available to first time offenders only. Such programs include, drug rehabilitation, which involves those with alcohol and drugs related offenses and mandates offenders to complete a quantity of hours in alcohol/drug classes, or those with domestic violence charges which requires those offenders to compete certain amount of hours in domestic violence and anger management classes. Additionally, there is a mental health diversion for those who have mental health issues and diverts them from the criminal justice system to appropriate mental health care/treatment. 2. List five purposes of the presentence investigation. Probation officers complete a presentence investigation and submit a presentence report to the court; this report assists judges in making decisions involving sentences. According to Steverson (2012) there are five functions of the PSI: 1. to assist judges reaching an appropriate sentence; 2. it provides probation staff with a detailed summary of risks and needs, allowing determination of appropriate levels and types of supervision, i.e. home, office, phone, as well as otherShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice System778 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle discussed diversion programs that are used to help adolescents who have been arrested for first-time misdemeanors. These diversion programs use group counseling as a mandatory component of sentencing demonstrate initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national outcome studies. 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This paper will deal with the history of the juvenile system, the need for the juvenile system, juvenile court functions, parents in court and programs that have worked, along with ones that havent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Because the first formal juvenile court was so labeled on July 1, 1899, which would make the Juvenile Justice System nearly a century old. However, the origins of the variousRead MoreCrime Causation and Diversion Paper1398 Words   |  6 PagesCausation and Diversion Paper University of Phoenix Online Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes CJA/473 LeDetra Jones October 01, 2012 Crime Causation and Diversion Paper Today the public became more concern about youth crime rising within the community. The public also believes that some of juvenile delinquents do not belong behind bars whereas others do. In the concern of the juveniles who do not belong behind bars the public started creating community outreach programs, interventionRead MoreMiss Tilburg1025 Words   |  5 Pageslarge company. The main issue is planning the company’s production capacity for the coming year. At issue is the overall level of capacity and the type of capacity—for example, the degree of ï ¬â€šexibility in the manufacturing system. The main tool used to aid the company’s planning process is a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. A mixed integer program has both integer and continuous variables. Problem Statement The Giant Motor Company (GMC) produces three lines of cars for the domestic (URead MoreBehavioral Theories And Models Of Social Work751 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start of this MSW program I told myself that I wanted to get more connected with theories and models practiced in Social Work. Since that time, the MSW courses have required multiple resources providing a foundation for just that. This week’s material incorporated DBT, CBT, IPT, and Behavioral therapy. In the learning analysis, we will explore their foundations. For starters, the podcast that I watched was on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. This podcast mentioned that DBT allows therapistsRead MoreThe United States Should Use Nuclear Energy1262 Words   |  6 Pagesnuclear energy to help supplement energy demand because it’s cost-effective, safer for the environment, and a more reliable source of energy than any of the other types of fuel. Some of the topics of interest are cost-effectiveness, recycling options, long term storage options, environmental protection technologies currently being used, and a breakdown of how nuclear energy out performs other sources of power year round. To many times people talk about the negative side of nuclear energy, and howRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagescancer and suffered through excruciating chemotherapy treatments. D. I’m going to discuss the classification of marijuana and compare it to other drugs in its schedule, let you know what you can do to give people the legal choice of using this method/type of medication, and tell you about some of the benefits of the legalization of cannabis. Transition Statement: So what’s the problem with marijuana? Body: NEED- The problem is the illegality of Marijuana I. Classification A. AccordingRead MoreTheu.s. Arkansas Project : The Benefits Of Water1645 Words   |  7 Pagesto local farmers around the state. It is the state’s second largest water project and is only smaller than the primary diversion tunnel of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. It is an elaborate reclamation project that brings more than 230,000 acre- feet of water to various cities, including Denver, and to irrigators in the southeast section of the state. 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Essay on Charge of the Light Brigade Free Essays

How is inner and outer conflict represented in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ and ‘the charge of the light Brigade’? Whereas ‘Romeo and Juliet’ contains a lot of inner conflict as well as outer conflict, Lord Tennyson’s ‘Charge of the light Brigade’ contains many techniques to enhance the conflict as well as glamorise the ‘light Brigade’ in various ways. Tennyson presents the cavalry men of the Crimean war (1854- 1856) as great victors and a powerful army. This glorious army is bragged about in the form of a poem by Tennyson. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Charge of the Light Brigade or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imagery is one of the techniques which Tennyson uses to build the conflict up as a picture to let the audience visualise the conflict on the battlefield. He talks about the dangers the light brigade are up against as well as enemies, ‘cannon to the right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon in front of them’ the light brigade are in a perilous position, the repetition of the phrase ‘cannon’ nearly creates a picture in the audience’s mind of the cannons and dangers the light brigade are up against. This is a sense of outer conflict due to the fact that they are cavalry men with spears up against guns and cannons. In addition to this construction of imagery in the audience’s mind Tennyson uses metaphors to describe the walk of the light brigade into their deaths. ‘Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred’, The phrase valley of death indicates that the army is going to die, how ever the inner confliction here is that the army knows they are going to die, they almost walk into valley of death. The valley of death is probably a monument or a place where many others have fallen or a place of bereavement or a great genocide, this line is repeated at the end of every stanza but is varied eventually towards the end of the poem. Rhythm is also a technique which Tennyson expresses through out most of the poem for effects on the audience. Repetition is also present in this poem on top of the regular fast-paced rhythm to poem. This regular fast paced rhythm is created by regular number of syllables in the lines, end rhymes (rhyming couplets), repetition of line structures and words along with repetition of variation of last line. For example the last line of the first couple of paragraphs is ‘Rode the six hundred’ which continuously repeats itself through out the poem however as soon as the audience approaches Stanza 4 they will all realise that it says ‘ they rode back, but not the six hundred’ this is almost the climax of the poem when the audience will start to realise that the light brigade are slowly diminishing in number, they are starting to be defeated in battle. This variation of the last line of stanza 4 tells the audience that the Light brigade are perishing in battle and are not the heroes they were at the beginning of the poem. So rhythm plays a huge part in the understanding of the poem, as well as enhancing the poem. As well as rhythm, Onomatopoeia also enhances the poem, to glamorise each stanza and increase the heroism of the light brigade and enliven the dangers and enemies the light brigade come across, ‘Volley’d ; thunder’d; Storm’d at with shot and shell’ the light brigade are being shot at and they are on the battlefield, the Phrases ‘volley’d’ and ‘Thundered’ emphasise the situation of the stanza and more or less make it easier for the audience to imagine the battlefield and the situation of the stanza. The conflict is shown through the Onomatopoeia and the way they emphasise the understanding the stanza and help with the imagination of the enemies. Sound also plays a huge part in the enhancement of the understanding and imagery of the poem, for instance ‘Shatter’d sunder’d’ tell us how they were attacking or what their surrounding sounded like, this physical conflict is emphasised by the sounds and the words that describe the action and scenery. In total there are 6 stanzas (amazing fact), but did you know that each stanza has its own theme, for example the theme of Stanza 1 is ‘A league of their own’ or the theme of stanza 4 is ‘the fall’, the transition from stanza 1 to stanza 4 is almost a whole journey, the audience would have seen the heroism and then the fall of the brave soldiers. The themes help to build up the poem and the climax, this plan is a general base for the audience to know what to expect in each of these stanzas. The conflict is built up slowly over each stanza and then finally publicized. Duty and obeying in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is one of the similarities as of ‘The charge of the light brigade’, in this case Juliet must obey her parents orders but most of all her fathers, for during those times it was a patriarchal society, so when her father asked her hand in the marriage of her and paris, she had to obey, but she could not, due to her strong love for Romeo, this conflict against the order of the ‘boss’ of the house, this failure to follow orders will result in a loss, in Juliet’s case she will lose the love of her father and presumab y her mothers as well, her father will disown. Juliet will live but this is not the case for the light brigade, they must follow the orders of their commander, and if they refuse to follow orders, then it is a possibly different case, they would probably be Court Marshalled, this procedure will most probably end their lives. This commander made decisions and gave orders with out realising the dangers up ahead. This conflict, Either physical or inner, is shown through the Enhancers of the poem as well as the actions of the characters, these are represented in the most common of ways, Duty and obligation are common but not the consequences, both the poem and the play contain inner conflict, the inner conflict in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is shown through the words of Romeo and his inner confusion if this is his true love, and ‘the Light brigade’ must follow orders even if they wish other wise. Conflict overall is easier to identify in the light Brigade and is mostly outer and physical conflict which is emphasised by the techniques which glamorise the ‘light Brigade’ this glamorisation is the factor to which makes the Soldiers look like heroes. Essay word count: 1096 How to cite Essay on Charge of the Light Brigade, Essay examples

Social Accountability in Accounting

Question: Case Study: Social Accountability in Accounting. Answer: Introduction This study deals with issues in social accountability. In order to identify issues, it is necessary to drawing comparisons with two different companies of same industry listed in Australia Stock Exchange (Kothari and Barone 2011). The company selected are Caltex Australia Limited and Austex Oil Limited. Both the companies belong to oil exploration. Caltex Australia Limited is the parent company of Caltex Australia Group. This business entity is listed in Australia Stock Exchange. The main activities of Caltex Australia are purchase, refining as well as distribution and marketing for the same. On the other hand, Austex oil limited is one of the oil and gas producing company operating in Oklahoma and Kansas (Pahler and Mori 2012). This company raises capital for developing oil and gas leases in USA. Discussions On comparison, it is noticed that both the companies listed in Australia Stock Exchange. Caltex Australia is operations in Australia while Austex oil limited operations in USA. Both the companies belong to the same industry but involves in different operations at the same time. Caltex Australia involves in purchase, refining as well as marketing of petroleum products. On the other hand, Austex Limited involves in exploration of oil and gas selling of end products in an overall manner (Jeter and Chaney 2012). Austex does not deal directly with the end user in any firm. After reviewing at the accounting policies of Caltex Australia, it is revealed that it gets compiled with environmental provisions of the company. As far as necessary accruals are concerned, it is adjusted with necessary information as well as circumstances in the near future. It involves recovery from third parties and accounted for future analysis purpose. Most of the cost incurred after compiling with environmental r egulations as well as on-going maintenance in monitoring of expenses in incurred expenses (Jeter and Chaney 2011). Austex Limited meets the environmental regulations for extraction as well as use of natural resources. It includes environmental expenditure as incurred by the company preventing future contamination as well as leading improvement in environmental safety. It increases the level of efficiency of the existing assets as well as capitalization of cost as far as possible. In case of accrual, it reveals booking of any environmental liabilities for estimated future cost in the most appropriate way (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik 2011). It is important to understand the fact that company poses own health as well as safety policy. Policy of the company is duly approved by OHS and Environmental Risk Committee. This particular Committee requires Caltex in providing safe as well as healthy workplace for the people. OHS committee mainly aims at motivating company in operating adverse affect of health and safety (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik 2011). It engages neighbours as well as customers and public for the same. It is advisable for the company in involving in health and safety measures as per embedded business planning process. It entrenches culture in and within business organization at the same time. Ethics in accounting concerns with making presentation as well as disclosure of financial information regarding activities. As per the financial statement, companies prove important for the stakeholders like shareholders, lender as well as banks and financial institutions. Ethics in accounting renders reliable financial information in the financial statement in regards with people for undertaking financial decisions in an overall manner (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng 2012). Most of the financial accounting concerns with matters relating maximization of shareholders wealth. It mainly aims at helping distant as well as remote financial markets and many others. Financial accounting has no obvious social as well as environmental interest that needs consideration in the near future (Fischer 2011). Financial Highlights On comparison with both companies, it reveals sales revenue of Caltex at $24.6 million that was ahead of Austex at $16.9 million. Hence, this is not one of the major factors in judging performance of the company. As far as gross profit is concerned, Austex Limited comes around 70% and Caltex at 7%. This reveals that Caltex is 10 times of Austex GP ratio in all the forms. There is also difference present in the primary activities of the business organization. Expenses of Austex Limited is considered on the higher side in comparison with Caltex Limited (Dicksee and De Montmorency 2012). After making comparison on net profits, Austex Limited went into losses for around $ 1.1 million. On the contrary, Caltex Limited has some profits amounting to $528k. Conventional financial accounting mainly gives rise to cause harm to society as well as environment for the same. Profits of the companies are increasing due to inevitable expense as in case of social as well as environmental damage for the same. Caltex limited tries in stopping for such abusive practices in the near future (Beams 2011). Caltex Limited focuses ways in participating in Commonwealth Energy Efficiency Opportunities Scheme as well as reported under National Greenhouse Energy Reporting in any form. It takes forms under carbon disclosure projects in an overall manner. It requires participation of both the companies for addressing issues regarding social responsibility as a whole (Beams 2012). ISO 50001 reveals Energy Management It mainly helps organization in saving money as well as becoming energy-efficient for the same. ISO mainly aims in providing different guidelines in conservation of resources and tackling with the climatic change for the same. ISO varies through energy management systems that help in supporting organization in all sectors for energy efficient scheme (Baker 2011). ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization. Austex Limited expects in increased oils and natural gas exploration. This company continues in developing new wells in form of intention for growth purpose. It considers with vision of the company in acquisition of capital from public at the end of the year (Kothari and Barone 2011). It is the organization that helps in providing tools in managing as well as tackling global challenges in modern world. ISO aims at working for attainment of sustainable development for providing with resources in meeting present requirements. It should not compromise with ability for future generations in meeting own needs. ISO 14000 deals with environmental management systems. It aims at providing tools for helping in improving environmental performance as well as control over environmental impact for the same. It enables providing framework for setting up effective environmental management system (Kothari and Barone 2011). Management, employers and stakeholders relies upon ISO in case of environmental impact for measuring as well as bringing improvement in the near future. Benefits of ISO 14001 include reduced cost of waste management as well as savings in consumptions of energy and materials. It involves in lower distribution costs as well as improved corporate image in and among regulators, customers as well as publics for the same. Caltex Limited registered under ISO 14001. As per the company annual report, it involves in environmental responsibility paper manufacturing in case of using environmental management system. ISO 26000 aims at providing necessary guidelines for companies in operating in a n effective and social ways. It needs to follow guidelines as well as act ethical and transparent ways for the same. It should contribute with company health as well as wealth of the society as a whole. ISO 50001 provides framework ascertaining various requirements of the organization. It helps in developing policies for ensuring more efficient uses of energy in an overall manner. It aims at fixing targets as well as objectives in meeting policy in the most appropriate way. It makes use of data in better form for understanding as well as making decisions about energy usage. It establishes ways for measuring results as well as reviewing the policies for designed works. It is continuously improves as energy management tool for future analysis purpose. In the recent Compeitive world, organization should plan in reducing expenditure. Energy considers as one of the major sources used by company in converting raw materials into finished goods for the same. It makes use of energy management systems for planning ways in cutting down energy expenses as far as possible. It provides beneficiary returns from the point of view in financial as well as social perspectives (Jeter and Chaney 2012). It helps companies in conservation of resources as well as tacking climatic changes in the most appropriate way. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is interesting in indicating the issues regarding social accountability faced by business organization in recent world. After considering above points, it is important to look after the financial state of both the companies as well as ISO standards applications. Caltex Australia Limited standards prove better in comparison with Austex Limited in every form. Caltex Limited poses strong financial background as well as establishes in Australia for more than 100 years. It has created many convenience stores as well as reaches the ultimate customer. It satisfies the needs as well as makes the necessary changes in the accounting policies in an overall manner. Caltex Limited has registration under ISO 14001. It helps in meeting up corporate social responsibility in accordance with high accounting standards. Caltex Limited is more profitable business in comparison with Austex Limited. Reference List Baker, R. (2011).Advanced financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Beams, F. (2011).Advanced accounting. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Beams, F. (2012).Advanced accounting. Boston: Pearson. Dicksee, L. and De Montmorency, J. (2012).Advanced accounting. London: Gee. Fischer, P. (2011).Advanced accounting. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Fischer, P., Taylor, W. and Cheng, R. (2012).Advanced accounting. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hoyle, J., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T. (2011).Advanced accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hoyle, J., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T. (2011).Fundamentals of advanced accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jeter, D. and Chaney, P. (2011).Advanced accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Jeter, D. and Chaney, P. (2012).Advanced accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Kothari, J. and Barone, E. (2011).Advanced financial accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Pahler, A. and Mori, J. (2012).Advanced accounting. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Year Without Oil Essays - Petroleum Politics, Energy Crises

Year Without Oil Opec Oil Embargo / 1973, The Year Without Oil OPEC Oil Embargo There are several things that come to mind when presented with the picture and topic, but the one that stands out most is shortage. However, shortage is an ironic word to use for it. It wasn?t really a shortage in the fact that the world is out of oil, which being a non-renewable resource will be one day, but it was an incredible 130% increase in price by OPEC, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This forced the petroleum market to head into a tailspin. OPEC, started by the major oil producing countries in the Middle East, was designed to give price control to the oil producers, instead of the oil manufacturers. Formed in 1960, OPEC was only a middleman for 10 years, but in the 1970?s, they found the right time to drive up the price of gas. One viewpoint can say it was about time that we started paying these countries for what they were up to that point, giving us, but from the other standpoint, OPEC is no more than a cartel and monopoly. A cartel is two or more parties, the oil producing countries, hurting an innocent third party, oil consumers. OPEC was created to hurt the oil manufacturers who were taking advantage of the oil producers, but unfortunately the one that got hurt from the agreement are the oil selling stations and us, the consumer. Page 2 There are several reasons why it isn?t the manufacturers didn?t get affected by any of the price raises. First of all, no matter how high the price of crude oil goes, the world still has to keep buying oil products. In fact, the world is using more petroleum products now than it ever has before, and can only get it from a few manufacturers, which means a monopoly is feeding an oligopoly. Monopolies are when the economy relies on one source for all of a product, also called a trust. Monopolies are banned in the United States by Anti-Trust Laws. Oligopolies are products, that the economy relies on, that are only available from a few sources. In a large market, the oil market, these companies can raise prices for consumers and receive massive increases in their profits. To really understand the hardships that happened in the 1970?s, and not being around in that time, we can look at the situation we are experiencing today. Although we are not having the shortages, we are still having the problems with inflated oil prices. However, not all things have resulting from the oil embargo have been bad. Cars are being designed to get better gas mileage, and buildings to be more energy efficient. Page 3 There have been some economic analysts predicting that oil prices were going to rise like they did again this year, due to the low price of oil last year. Unleaded gasoline prices were down to around a dollar per gallon, and with the surge of gas buying last summer when prices were down, the surplus of oil became a shortage, therefore driving the price up to new levels. The picture of the gas pumps is a small picture, but trying to put the whole picture into three pages of text was a difficult thing to do. For there are many topics that the oil market covers, but can best be summed up as this. Don Roberts was out of gas at his station because the oil manufacturers cheated the oil producers, and when the oil producers finally got together to get back at the manufacturers, they ended up taking their problems out of consumers. Page 5 Endnotes Economics Essays

Vegetarianism Essays - Diets, Vegetarianism, Intentional Living

Vegetarianism Essays - Diets, Vegetarianism, Intentional Living Vegetarianism Vegetarianism is the limitation of ones diet to only vegetables. Vegetarianism has been around for centuries, but recently we have seen the eruption of a more militant vegetarianism that is inspired by the animal "rights" movement. Today, vegetarian activists are throwing pies at Ronald McDonald and the Pork Queen, scrawling "meat is murder" in prominent locations, committing terrorist acts of arson, and waging media campaigns equating meat consumption with cannibalism. Vegetarians are, on the average, far healthier than those who consume the typical Western diet, and enjoy a lower incidence of many chronic diseases. However, it has not been proven that one must eliminate meat from one's diet in order to be healthy. It has been aptly demonstrated that the typical Western diet contains too much fat. Eliminating meat from the diet is one way to reduce fat, but it is not the only way. Vegetarian diets have also been shown to increase the risk for nutrient deficiencies. Children are particularly vulnerable and can lead to growth problems. Vegetarian children often fail to grow as well as their omnivorous counterparts despite protein intakes. Ecological arguments against omnivorous and carnivorous eating are little more than an attempt by those from the less popular animal "rights" movement to ride the coattails of the more popular environmental movement. In some cases, warnings of impending environmental cataclysm are used to advance an ethical agenda. However, arguments to the effect that eating meat is "destroying the planet" overlook that the planet has not yet been destroyed despite millions of years of omnivorous and carnivorous eating by millions of individuals from a multitude of species. The Second Law of Thermodynamics dictates that some energy will be inevitably lost as one moves up the food web. Therefore, arguments about how it takes X pounds of plant protein to generate Y pounds of meat have a sound theoretical basis. However, these arguments are often overstated. These arguments falsely assume that pork chops and steak are the only products of animal agriculture. They falsely presume that a pound of animal foodstuffs is nutritionally and energetically equivalent to a pound of plant foodstuffs. These arguments also ignore the energy content and opportunity cost of replacing animal by-products, which is considerable. Even the animal's excrement is a valuable resource. Certain animal products, such as fetal calf serum, collagen and laminin are crucial for medical research using cell cultures, and have no available alternatives. If certain practices associated with animal agriculture are found to be ecologically unsound, it does not merit a general opposition to eating meat. Though not practical for everyone, hunting and fishing bypass any potential ecological destruction associated with plant or animal agriculture. They are thus two of the most ecologically sound ways to obtain one's sustenance. Those who would oppose even limited exploitation of these alternatives have ethical concerns masquerading as environmental concerns. The most disingenuous ecological ploy made by "ethical" vegeta rians is the "...we could feed X starving people with Y percent of the resources devoted to animal agriculture..." argument. First, it falsely implies that humans are starving because of insufficient production capacity. World hunger is a result of deficient distribution of food, not deficient capacity for production of food. Our capacity to produce grain is so vast that we actually pay farmers not to produce. Secondly, if the argument were valid, the resultant increase in human population would exacerbate rather than remedy ecological concerns regarding human population. Though vegetarianism does offer clear health benefits, one need not become vegetarian in order to have a healthy diet. Diet is only one important aspect of health. The avoidance of harmful habits such as smoking is as important, if not more so. Killing less sentient beings for sustenance is not ethically superior when one can, through fruitarianism, minimize the intentional killing of all macroscopic beings. 22 July, 1998 English 1A

Audience Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Audience Analysis - Essay Example Actually, according to the American Red Cross young people constitute of about 20% of the nation’s blood donation (2014, para. 2). This implies that it is the role of all people to regularly donate blood in a bid to improve the health sector of our country. Every once in while, everyone encounters situations that require blood. This may be personal or someone we know. This implies that blood donation may be viewed as an investment for future use either by our own selves or other people. There are cases where people donate blood for their own future use but it is also important to donate blood freely and leave it open for everyone’s use. Most emergencies needing blood are accident related. Evidence has it that most blood donations are made during times of disasters (Baum, 1997, p.568). However, since we do not have control over accidents and we do not know when they will happen, the only thing we can do is to prepare adequately for when they occur. Donating blood can be considered one of the most effective ways to prepare for accidents. In addition to helping other people, donating blood also has many benefits in our health. For instance, researchers argue that people who donate blood regularly have an extremely low chance of getting heart related complications such as heart attacks (Medical West, 2014, para. 3-6). This implies that donating blood can be advantageous to us not only in cases of accidents or other illnesses but also in our normal daily routines. Reduced chances of getting heart related diseases can be attributed to the fact that regularly donating blood reduces iron levels in the body system. This is important in preventing iron concentration in the arteries hence reducing chances of getting heart attacks. Heart conditions are most prevalent among the older people and therefore blood donation can help reduce the risks even to much older

Data warehouse presentation evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data warehouse presentation evaluation - Essay Example On the downside, a top-down approach may take longer and cost more to deploy than other approaches, especially in the initial increments. (para.8-11) Bottom-Up Approach uses the bus structure that contains all the common elements that are used by data marts such as conformed dimensions, measures etc defined for the enterprise as a whole. The major benefit of a Bottom-Up Approach is user-friendly, flexible data structure using dimensional, star schema models. It also delivers value rapidly. One problem is that it requires organizations to enforce the use of standard dimensions and facts to ensure integration and deliver a single version of the truth. (Eckerson para.12-18) Hybrid Approach aims to harness the speed and user orientation of the Bottom-Up Approach to the integration of the Top-Down Approach. By Eckerson (para.19-25), Hybrid Approach recommends spending about two weeks developing an enterprise model in third normal form before developing the first data mart. The first several data marts are also designed in third normal form but deployed using star schema physical models. Federated Appro

Criminology -Differential Association + Institutional Anomie Theories Essay

Criminology -Differential Association + Institutional Anomie Theories - Essay Example Agnew assumes that individuals from all social classes engage in crime, as all are geared towards success and economic fulfilment. In fact, the general strain theory should not be confined to economic fulfilment as whether from a low social class or higher, individuals would rebel if what they own is taken away from them and their success therefore hampered or in cases of negative emotions. In such a case therefore, the poor will have to steal or rob in order to recover the lost property or be at the same social level with the rest of the members of the community, while those in a higher social class would engage in fraud or embezzlement of funds, in most cases at the work place so that they can keep being rich; so as to be able to deal with the negative emotions that are as a result of the strain they experience. He further argues that an individual’s inability to achieve the success they aspire, in terms of money can lead to strain and therefore push someone into engaging in crime. He also says, â€Å"Many middle and upper class people in the United States want more money than they can have and obtain through legitimate channels†. Therefore, this strain on an individual to attain monetary success is what pushes them to engage in white-collar crime so that they can deal with the strain completely; mostly in cases where they are not offered solutions for the strain they are experiencing. An individual may for instance fake various documents in order to land a new lucrative job they have always wished to have. This is fraud, which is a white collar-crime. In relation to the general strain theory, white collar crime, just like any other criminal activity is as a result of the negative emotions one has when what they want or need is not being achieved. Fraud and embezzlement of funds for instance in most cases takes place in

Development of an Air Pack

Development of an Air Pack An air sack is an inflatable pad intended to secure vehicles inhabitants from genuine harm on account of an impact. The air sack is a piece of an inflatable limitation framework, otherwise called an air pad restriction framework (ACRS) or an air pack supplemental limitation framework (SRS), on the grounds that the air sack is intended to supplement the assurance offered via seat cinchs. Seat cinchs are still expected to hold the tenant safely set up, particularly in side effects, back effects, and rollovers. After locating an impact, air packs swell in a split second to pad the uncovered inhabitant with a huge gas-filled cushion. A regular air pack framework comprises of an air sack module (containing an inflator or gas generator and an air sack), crash sensors, an analytic observing unit, a guiding wheel interfacing loop, and a pointer light. These segments are all interconnected by a wiring tackle and fueled by the vehicles battery. Air pack frameworks hold a store charge after the ignition has been turned off or after the battery has been detached. Contingent upon the model, the reinforcement power supply keeps going between one second and ten minutes. Since segments indispensable to the frameworks operation may sit lethargic for quite a long time, the air pack hardware performs an inner individual test amid every startup, generally showed by a light on the instrument board that gleams quickly at every startup. The accident sensors are intended to keep the air pack from swelling when the auto goes over a knock or a pothole, or on account of a minor crash. The inflator fits into a module comprising of a woven nylon sack and a break-away plastic horn cushion spread. The module, thus, fits into the directing wheel for drivers-side applications or more the glove compartment for front traveler applications. In a frontal impact proportional to hitting a strong hindrance at nine miles every hour (14.48 kilometers every hour), the accident sensors spotted in the front of the auto identify the sudden deceleration and send an electrical sign enacting an initiator (in some cases called an igniter or squib). Like a light, an initiator contains a slender wire that warms up and infiltrates the charge chamber. This causes the robust synthetic force, mainly sodium azide, fixed inside the inflator to experience a quick compound response (usually alluded to as a pyrotechnic chain). This controlled response produces safe nitrogen gas that fills the air pack. Amid sending the stretching nitrogen gas experiences a process that decreases the temperature and evacuates the vast majority of the ignition deposit or slag. The stretching nitrogen gas blows up the nylon sack in under one-twentieth (1/20) of a second, part open its plastic module cover and blowing up before the tenant. As the tenant contacts the sack, the nitrogen gas is vented through openings in the once again of the pack. The sack is completely swelled for stand out tenth (1/10) of a second and is about collapsed by three-tenths (3/10) of a second after effect. Talcum powder or corn starch is utilized to line within the air pack and is discharged from the air sack as it is opened. History The air bag traces its origin to air-filled bladders outlined as early as 1941 and first patented in the 1950s. Early air bag systems A commonplace drivers-side air sack fits conveniently on the directing wheel section. If there should arise an occurrence of a crash, the accident sensor sends an electric flash to the inflator canister, setting off a compound readion that creates nitrogen gas. The gas stretches, expanding the air pack and securing the driver. were vast and massive, essentially utilizing tanks of layered or warmed air, compacted nitrogen gas (N 2 ), freon, or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). A percentage of the early frameworks made dangerous results. One specific framework utilized black powder to high temperature up freon gas, delivering phosgene gas (Cocl 2 )—an amazingly noxious gas. One of the first licenses for vehicles air packs was honored to mechanical architect John Hetrick on August 18, 1953. Brought about by Hetrick after a close mischance in 1952, the outline required a tank of packed air in the engine and inflatable packs on the controlling wheel, amidst the dash-board, and in the glove compartment to secure front seat inhabitants, and on the once again of the front seat to ensure back seat travelers. The power of a crash would push a sliding weight forward to send air into the sacks. Numerous different designers and analysts stuck to this same pattern, all investigating somewhat diverse plans, with the goal that the definite specialized trail from the early outlines to the present framework is difficult to note with sureness. In 1968, John Pietz, a scientist for Talley Guard Frameworks, spearheaded a robust charge utilizing sodium azide (Nan 3 ) and a metallic oxide. This was the first nitrogen-creating robust force, and it soon supplanted the more seasoned, bulkier frameworks. Sodium azide in its robust state is harmful if ingested in expansive measurements, yet in auto applications is precisely fixed inside a steel or aluminum holder inside the air pack framework Since the 1960s, air pack prepared autos in controlled tests and regular utilization have exhibited the adequacy and dependability. The Protection Organization For Thruway Wellbeing led an investigation of the national governments Deadly Mischance Reporting Framework utilizing information from 1985 to 1991, and inferred that driver fatalities in frontal crashes were brought down by 28 percent in cars outfitted with air sacks. As per Readiness of the charge, the initial phase in air pack production, includes consolidating sodium azide and an oxidizer. The charge is then consolidated with the metal initiator canister and different channels to structure the inflator gathering. an alternate study directed in 1989 by General Engines, the mix of lap/shoulder wellbeing cinchs and air sacks in frontal crashes decreased driver fatalities by 46 percent and front traveler fatalities by 43 percent. Because of customers expanded wellbeing concerns and protection industry weight, the central government has constrained car producers to redesign their security characteristics. To begin with, Bureau of Transportation (Spot) regulations oblige all autos, starting with model year 1990, sold in the United States to be furnished with an aloof limitation framework. (Latent restriction frameworks obliging no actuation by the tenant include the utilization of programmed seat sashs and/or the utilization of air sacks.) If auto makers pick an air pack, then regulations require just a driver s-side framework until model year 1994, when air sack prepared autos must incorporate detached security on the travelers side also. A 1991 law obliges driver and traveler air sacks in all autos by the 1998 model year and in light trucks and vans by 1999. Raw Materials As expressed over, an air pack framework comprises of an air sack module, crash sensors, an indicative checking unit, a controlling wheel associating loop, and a marker light. Both this area and the following (The Assembling Methodology) will concentrate on the air pack module itself. An air sack module has three principle parts: the air pack, the inflator, and the charge. The air pack is sewn from a woven nylon fabric and can come in diverse shapes and sizes relying upon particular vehicle necessities. The drivers-side air sack material is fabricated with a high temperature shield covering to ensure the fabric from burning, particularly close to the inflator gathering, amid arrangement. Talcum powder or corn starch is likewise used to cover the air sack; either substance keeps the fabric from staying together and makes it less demanding to collect. Fresher silicone and urethane covered air sack materials oblige practically no high temperature shield covering, in spite of the fact that talcum powder or corn starch will presumably still be utilized as a transforming support. The inflator canister or body is produced using either stamped stainless steel or cast aluminum. Inside the inflator canister is a channel get together comprising of a stainless steel wire network with ceramic material sandwiched in the middle. At the point when the inflator is collected, the channel get together is encompassed by metal foil to keep up a seal that anticipates charge defilement. The force, as dark pellets, is principally sodium azide joined with an oxidizer and is regularly placed inside the inflator canister between the channel get together and the initiator. The Manufacturing Process Air sack creation includes three distinctive separate gatherings that join to structure the completed deciding item, the air pack module. The charge must be made, the inflator parts must be collected, and the air pack must be cut and sewn. A few makers purchase effectively made parts, for example, air packs or initiators, and after that simply collect the complete air pack module. The accompanying portrayal of the assembling methodology is for driver-side air pack module get together. Traveler side air sack module get-togethers are delivered marginally in an unexpected way. Propellant The fuel comprises of sodium azide combined with an oxidizer, a substance that helps the sodium azide to blaze when lighted. The sodium azide is gotten from outside merchants and examined to verify it adjusts to necessities. After investigation it is set in a safe stockpiling spot until required. In the meantime, the oxidizer is gotten from outside sellers, reviewed, and put away. Diverse makers use distinctive oxidizers. From capacity, the sodium azide and the oxidizer are then precisely mixed under modern modernized methodology control. As a result of the likelihood of blasts, the powder handling happens in detached shelters. In the occasion security sensors distinguish a sparkle, fast downpour frameworks will drench entire rooms with water. Creation happens in a few excess littler offices so that if a mischance does happen, generation wont be closed down, just diminished. In the wake of mixing, the fuel mixture is sent to capacity. Presses are then used to clamp the force mixture into plate or pellet structure. Inflator assembly The inflator segments, for example, the metal canister, the channel get together stainless steel wire network with ceramic material inside—and initiator (or igniter) are gotten from outside sellers and investigated. The segments are then gathered on a profoundly robotized creation line The inflator sub-gathering is joined with the force and an initiator to structure the inflator get together. Laser welding (utilizing CO 2 gas) is utilized to join stainless steel inflator sub-gatherings, while erosion inertial welding is utilized to join aluminum inflator sub-congregations. Laser welding involves utilizing laser pillars to weld the congregations together, while grinding inertial welding includes rubbing two metals together until the surfaces get to be sufficiently hot to join together. The inflator get together is then tried and sent to capacity until required. Air bag The woven nylon air sack fabric is gotten from outside merchants and assessed for any material imperfections. The air sack fabric is then kick the bucket slice to the best possible shapes and sewn, inside and remotely, to legitimately join the two sides. After the air pack is sewn, it is expanded and checked for any crease blemishes. Final assembly of air bag module The air sack gathering is then mounted to the tried inflator get together. Next, the air pack is collapsed, and the breakaway plastic horn cushion spread is introduced. At long last, the finished module get together is investigated and tried. The module get-togethers are bundled in boxes for shipment and afterward sent to clients. Other components The remaining segments of the air pack framework the accident sensors, the analytic checking unit, the controlling wheel joining loop, and the marker light are joined with the air sack module amid vehicle gathering. All the parts are joined and impart through a wiring saddle. The air pack parts are bite the dust remove of woven nylon, sewn together, and bolted. The pack is then painstakingly collapsed so it will fit inside the plastic module spread. Quality Control The quality control part of air pack creation is, clearly, critical in light of the fact that numerous lives rely on upon the security characteristic. Two noteworthy territories where quality control is discriminating are the pyrotechnic or charge tests and the air pack and inflator static and element tests. Fuels, before being embedded into inflators, are initially subjected to ballistic tests to foresee their conduct. A delegate specimen of inflators are pulled from the creation line and tried for legitimate operation by a full-scale inflator test, which measures weight made by the produced gas inside an extensive tank 15.84 or 79.20 gallons (60 or 300 liters)—versus time in milliseconds. This gives a sign of the inflator frameworks capacity to deliver a measure of gas at a given rate, guaranteeing fitting air pack expansion. The air packs themselves are investigated for fabric and crease blemishes and after that tried for breaks. Computerized investigations are made at each phase of the generation procedure line to distinguish botches. One air pack producer utilizes radiography (x-beams) to think about the finished inflator against an expert setup put away in the machine. Any inflator without the correct arrangement is rejected

The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Lu

The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time the mother and daughter relationship has been complex.   The book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is a great example of the mother and daughter relationship.   In the book Amy Tan writes about four women who migrate to America from China.   All of the women were in search of a better life since the lives they had in China were not what they wanted for themselves.   Even though all of the women did not know each other until they met in America, they all share the same horrible memories of their past.   The book mainly focuses on the expectations, hopes, and dreams that the women and their daughters have for themselves.   Even though at the beginning the mothers and the daughters do not always see eye to eye at the end the daughters start to realize that their mothers just wanted the best for them and not the worst, "The mothers see themselves in the daughters."(Matthews).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between Suyuan and Jing-mei is somewhat difficult because they are both coming from two different cultures that are completely opposite of one another.   Suyuan is trying to teach Jing-mei the Chinese culture when all Jing-mei sees is the American culture, that is on television and all around her.   Jing-mei's friends do not even think that she is a true Chinese person.   Suyuan wants her daughter to obey her and make her proud even if it means making Jing-mei do something that she does not want to do.   As a Chinese women Suyuan knew her role to be a good wife and mother and to always stand by her husband's side.   On the other hand Jing-mei does not want this, she wants to be independent, and to be able to make her own decisions because... ... to teach her about her culture and where she was from, "And now I see"(Tan 331).   Jing-mei finally learns the answers to all of the questions that her mother left unanswered when she passed away. Although Jing-mei fought so hard to not do anything Suyuan said, it was not because she did not like her mother.   It was because she did not understand where she was coming from.  Ã‚   It is always hard to understand someone when you do not understand any of the hardships that one has been through.       WORK CITED Matthews, Amanda.   Structural Analysis...Thanks to Amanda Matthews. <http:www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~sbowen/314fall/novels/lit.html>. Tan, Amy.   The Joy Luck Club.   New York, 1989. Tavernise, Peter.   Fasting of the Heart: Mother-Tradition and Sacred Systems in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club.   <http://www.mindspring.com/~petert/tan.htm>.   12 March 1992

Photo Assignments

1. Create at least three aâ‚ ¬? stock images. aâ‚ ¬? You may wish to browse a stock site online to see the types of images that are popular. For example, you might take a picture of a person cooking or a picture of a food item. 2. Early photographers took portraits of people. Practice taking portraits of someone. Submit at least two portrait photographs of the person. 3. The ability to create a color photograph was an important point in the history of photography. Practice taking some color photographs. Submit three of your favorite color photographs. 1.Practice taking some nighttime photographs using what you learned in the unit. Submit two of the photographs that you took. 2. Find a scene or object that youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to photograph. Take the photograph using three different modes on your camera (even ones that wouldnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be ideal for the photograph, such as a landscape mode for a macro shot). Identify which modes you used when you submit the photographs. 3. Take several photographs of the same scene, but change the aperture setting for each photograph. Submit three photographs with different aperture settings. Be sure to note which settings you used. ) 4. Take several photographs of the same moving object, but change the shutter speed setting for each photograph (the object could be players on a soccer field, a waterfall, a pet, etc. ). Submit three photographs with different shutter speed settings. Be sure to note which shutter speed settings you used. 5. Choose one camera mode and practice taking photographs that the mode is best used for. Submit three photographs that you took using the particular mode. The photographs do not need to be of the same subject. 1.Practice using the Rule of Thirds to compose some photographs. Submit three of the photographs that you think best illustrate the Rule of Thirds. 2. Practice using the guideline of filling the frame. Submit three photographs that you think best illustrate this guideline. 3. Practice taking pictures of lines. Compose photographs that contain at least one horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line. Use the guidelines to help you compose a good photograph with the lines. Submit three of the photographs that you feel best use lines. 4. Practice taking some photographs from new perspectives.Submit three photographs that you feel best illustrate this guideline. 5. Instead of following the various composition guidelines, deliberately break them. Take two pictures of the same scene: one in which you follow the rules of composition and one in which you deliberately break the rule. Submit at least two sets of photographs (four photos total of two different scenes). 1. Choose one scene or object to photograph. Take at least three photographs of this scene at three different times of day. Be sure to note the times of day that you choose.Write a brief response about how the light changed in the photograph. 2. Take photographs of someone using frontlighting, backlighti ng, and sidelighting. You can use the sun or other lighting. 3. Practice taking photographs on a cloudy or rainy day. Turn in three of your favorites from that practice. 4. Take some portrait photographs using a reflector. (Remember that white paper, poster board, sheets, or a wall can all act a reflector. ) Practice moving the subject in different positions relative to the reflector. Turn in three of your favorite photographs. . Practice taking photographs in different lighting conditions (indoors and outdoors, different times of day, different weather, and so on) to help you better understand the impact of light on your photographs. Turn in three of your favorite photographs from your practice sessions. 1. Practice taking some photographs for conversion to black and white. When youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve finished, use photo editing software to convert the images from color to black and white. Submit three of your favorite images. 2. Choose three different scenes or objects to photograph .When youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve finished, save each color image and create a copy that you will convert to black and white. Submit the three sets of photographs (one color and one black and white) of each scene. Indicate which photograph of the pair (color or black and white) that you prefer. 3. Take at least five photographs and use photo editing software to apply at least one different filter to each photograph. Submit the five photographs that youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve applied a filter to. 4. Take at least ten photographs as you would if you were creating a panoramic shot.If you have editing software that will stitch the images together, you can try it with the photographs that youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve taken. Submit all of the photographs that you took for the project, showing the tips discussed in the unit. 5. Practice using a tripod or other stable foundation (rock, table, etc. ) to take photographs from. Turn in three photographs that you took using the tripod or stable foundation. 1. Pract ice taking portraits of people. Turn in three of your favorite portraits from your practice. 2. Take photographs of a child. (Be sure to obtain permission from the childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parent(s) to do so. Turn in three of your favorite photographs of the child. 3. Take some photographs of a group (with three or more people). The group might be a family or a group of friends. Experiment with some different arrangements. Turn in two pictures that show a different arrangement of the people in the photographs. 4. Practice taking some posed photographs of someone. Experiment with different props and portrait looks. Turn in three photographs that you feel are the best. 5. Practice taking some candid shots of someone. Experiment with having the person engage in different activities.Turn in three photographs from your practice. 1. Practice taking landscape photographs of different scenes. Submit three of your favorite landscape photographs from your practice. 2. Practice taking photographs from each of the three types of landscape photographs. Submit one example of each type of landscape photograph. 3. Chose one of the landscapes discussed in the unit and spend some time photographing in one of these location types. Submit three photographs from your practice that illustrate some of the tips for photographing in that type of landscape. 4.Chose one location to photograph in. Photograph the scene from different angles and in different lighting. Submit five of your favorite photographs that illustrate some of these differences. 5. Practice taking landscape photographs in which you use different focal points. Submit three of your favorite photographs that use a strong focal point. 1. Practice taking macro photographs of everyday objects that you find. Submit three of your favorite photographs from your practice. 2. Choose one larger subject to photograph (this could be an animal, person, clock, or any other item).Take macro photographs of different elements of the subjec t and take photographs from different perspectives. Submit three of your favorite photographs from this activity. 3. Take macro photographs of flowers, plants, or trees. If you can, try taking photographs of different species, different colors, and different forms. Submit three of your favorite photographs from this activity. 4. Practice taking macro photographs of insects, spiders, or other small creatures. If you can, try taking photographs of different species and from different perspectives.Submit three of your favorite photographs from this activity. 5. Practice taking macro photographs of people. If you can, try to work with several different age groups/individuals. Submit three of your favorite photographs from this activity. 1. Practice taking photographs of moving subjects (people, animals, cars, etc. ) using the information from the unit to help you. Submit three of your favorite photographs. 2. Practice taking photographs of individuals playing sports (running, soccer, sk iing, etc. ). If you can, try photographing several sports.Submit three of your favorite photographs from your practice. 3. Practice panning in photographs with a moving subject using the information from the unit. Submit three photographs from your practice (Note: your moving subject may not be perfectly in focus. The important thing is to practice the technique. ) 4. Photograph some animals, either pets or wildlife. Submit three of your favorite photographs of animals. 5. Practice documentary photography. You might photograph a party, street scene, event, etc. Submit three of your favorite photographs.

Marcel Duchamp Essays - Modern Art, Orphism, Cubism, Dada

Marcel Duchamp Essays - Modern Art, Orphism, Cubism, Dada Marcel Duchamp subject = art 101 title = Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp is considered as one of the most influential artists of the 20th Century by the modern art world. Duchamp, who participated in artistic movements from Fauvism to Surrealism, was an innovator and a revolutionary within the art world. Duchamp, being a founding force in the Dada movement, was also a main influencing factor of the development of the 20th Century avant-garde art. All in all Duchamp has become a legend within the art world. Marcel Duchamp was born on July 28,1887 in Blainville France. Being the brother of two prominent artists, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and Jacques Villon, it seemed only natural that the young Marcel Duchamp would participate in the arts. Also, his childhood home was abundantly decorated with seascapes, landscapes, and etchings produced by his grandfather Emile-Frederic Nicolle. As he himself put it, When you see so many paintings youve got to paint. In 1907, at age 17, Duchamp resolved to become an artist. Marcel Duchamp had the great fortune of entering the world of art at a most exciting time when the birth of Fauvism and Cubism was in the not so distant future. Although Marcel incorporated these styles he was never satisfied with any single style. He felt that styles were learned techniques which put creativity, exploration, and imagination in the background of the art scene. Duchamps view of the lack of creativity and originality may have prompted many of his later creations which, at the time of their production, seemed absurd. Throughout Marcel Duchamps career he dabbled in a wide variety of styles ranging from Fauvism to Cubism, all the way to the art of Ready-mades. Although he openly expressed that painting bored him, he did it quite well. Early in his career he, like most young artists, painted friends and family, things he was familiar with. Duchamps only formal training came at the Academie Julian in Paris from where he dropped out after only eighteen months to pursue his own interests. This seems to be a defining characteristic of Marcel Duchamps career, he did things that suited him, not what others felt was the correct thing to do. Marcel Duchamps artistic output began with portraits of people close to him such as family members and close friends. At this time Duchamp was experimenting with Fauvism, the art of the wild beasts. In this from of art one could use arbitrary colors. This is the reason one might see portraits made by Duchamp from around 1910 in which people are represented with greenish skin or blue hair. Throughout Duchamps career it was not as important to be totally accurate as it was to get a creative point or theme across. One negative view of Fauvism was that it was not intellectually stimulating for artists. This is a main reason why many artists, one of them being Duchamp, turned their artistic focus the avant-garde. Cubism, with complex planes and geometrically sound shapes gave artists the intellectual stimulation that they craved. Colors of the early cubist period were muted which put the spotlight more on the visual effects of the art. The possibilities of manipulation of the shapes to Duchamps own interests benefited him immensely. Duchamp prospered as he turned away from the conservative Fauvism moving towards the avant-garde and experimentation within the cubist mode of art. He discovered ways to manipulate his paintings to be able to show the intricacies of his favorite game chess. Duchamp believed that art should be left up to the mind rather than the eyes, just as in chess. His first production of the Cubist origin is titled The Sonata. It is said that many of the characteristics of this painting reveal influence from a group of Cubist artists, which included his two brothers, called the Puteaux Cubists. This group of artists rebelled against casual cubism ,which was practiced by the likes of Picasso and Braque, in favor of geometric precision. Duchamp was a pioneer in Cubism by the way he showed movement in his paintings. His first attempt at showing movement through the geometric shapes is titled Sad Young Man On A Train. In this work Duchamp uses four or five overlapping profiles moving from left to right across the canvas. The colors were dark symbolizing Duchamps mood at the time. He was preparing to leave Paris in favor of, what he believed to be a less commercial area, Munich. In another attempt at movement in Cubism, Duchamp created a painting known as Nude Descending A Staircase No.1. In viewing this work, the first

Many of these European countries are worthy of bei Essays

Many of these European countries are worthy of bei Essays Many of these European countries are worthy of being a part of the EU and it is hard to choose between the candidates. But in my eyes I think the country Macedonia, has made the most effort to become a part of the EU because of their progress, and changes they have made. Macedonia has made incredible progress and changes over the years such as police reform, tackling corruption and bolstering human rights. With police reform, Macedonia is able to maintain a healthy and protective community along with tackling corruption. Another big factor is human rights, because without citizens, a country is nothing. So with the nation's people on its side, Macedonia is able to be a united and strong country. Although Macedonia can have some rough edges such as boycotting and election violence, they have it under control and are fixing them quickly and efficiently. As I said before, I think that many of these countries are worthy of being a part of the EU but on the other hand, I also think that some of these countries don't. For example, I think that Turkey still needs time to improve in political and health spots to be worthy of the EU. Turkey is not a bad country overall, but it can use a bit of tweaking from corruption, negotiations, human rights, and violence. Airports are closed, there are tensions with Cyprus, So far only 13 of Turkey's 35 negotiating chapters have been opened, and only one has been closed , the negotiations have been overshadowed by concerns about freedom of speech and democracy in Turkey, treatment of religious minorities, women's and children's rights, and c ivilian control of the military. These are all things that can potentially lead up to a bad country and I think that turkey is a long way from joining the EU. But, with a time and a lot of effort, Turkey can turn out to be a good country.

Religious freedom in prison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious freedom in prison - Research Paper Example However, the court rulings set limitations to the right of worship when a prisoner’s demand of worship endangers prison safety and function. Almost all correction facilities offer these structures mainly for religious faiths such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Chaplains and volunteers provide pastoral care to prisoners and wardens (Livingstone 313). Allowing inmates freedom of worship has both positive and negative implications. However, prisoners’ right of worship should be granted because it benefits them and it is their constitutional right. Inmates should be allowed to worship within established structures provided by prison programs and religious organizations. The disadvantage of freedom of worship according to the government is it may endanger prisoners’ the lives. The law limits freedom of worship if it interferes with safety of the prisoners/wardens and prison operations. When this happens, the government can deny the right of worship for the greater good of all citizens. However, the government uses this clause to abuse prisoners’ rights (Livingstone 310). For example, a case where a Muslim prisoner wanted to retain his long beard for religious purposes was upheld by the Supreme Court. Gregory Holt, the prisoner, had requested the prison to allow him grow a half-inch beard as a religious practice. The prison officials denied the request claiming security reasons of inmates smuggling contrabands in beards. Judge Samuel Alito said since prisoners were allowed to grow long hair on their heads, the prison systems should allow religious beards like Gregory’s. In this case, the prison authorities denied the prisoner his right without good reasons. Prison authority may restrain the right of worship for security reasons but should have concrete reasons or concerns for the restriction. Many advantages exist of allowing prisoners to

Media Torrent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Torrent - Essay Example In his article â€Å"Supersaturation, or The Media Torrent and Disposable Feeling†, Todd Gitlin states his observation and provides sufficient evidence supporting the fact that media has great influence on our lives. Right from the time of emergence of television and internet, media has been influencing the lives of individuals whether it is through print, television, films or social networking websites. However one may take into account the fact that the notion of media saturation has gone through several significant amendments since the time Gitlin’s article was published. There are many evidences illustrated by Gitlin that support his ideas of â€Å"super-saturation† and â€Å"disposable feeling†. The literal meaning of â€Å"super-saturation† is to increase the concentration of solution beyond saturation. The word â€Å"super-saturation† is used by Gitlin for defining the notion that how the modern society has completely absorbed the internet and media. The society is completely immersed in the images and gossips that are being displayed by media. There is no clear line present, which distinguishes living space from working space. Outer world has invaded the inner world of people. Gitlin uses the phrase â€Å"disposable feeling† because individuals today are easily switching from one feeling to another, one scandal to another, without making effort to actually find out the hidden truth. I completely agree with Gitlin’s idea that media has its impact on our lives through several means and its component have gr adually immersed in our daily. We can easily observe the amount of movies and TV shows being watched and quantity of CD’s and cameras being used in today’s modern world. Gitlin states that the extensive use of internet has not diminished the use of media but has affected the flow of unlimited media. I do support the fact presented by Gitlin that Internet has revolutionized the use of media. Our hyper-mediated world is affected by internet to a great extent converting us from media users to media producers (Gitlin). Gitlin’s article to some extent downplays the massive influence that internet had on the society at the time it was penned. Despite of this fact many of the points suggested by Gitlin are still valid in today’s world. The emergence of the social networking website â€Å"Facebook† is the example of the actualization of Gitlin’s observation. This website is known for providing its users with hyper-mediated experience as it allows th em to upload photos, videos, texts and provide them variety of ways through which they are allowed to express themselves. Facebook media is different from the inherent media as on this social networking website a mass population is acting of watching other people’s activities. 600 million Facebook users actively participate in this process of acting and watching. They create their own replicas through their profiles. People become kings, queens, demons, angels and adopt the character of their choice, which is far away from reality. These websites have created a virtual world that is far from reality. Gitlin has also stated that individuals today have the authority to create their own content. This proposition of Gitlin can be easily implied to the communicative quality of Facebook where individuals develop their original content and portray it in a way different from reality. The experience of their life is no

The Role of the School Curriculum and the Assessment of Childrens Essay

The Role of the School Curriculum and the Assessment of Childrens Learning - Essay Example This essay stresses that the school curriculum essentially answers two questions: what should be taught in schools and how it should be taught. Curriculum planners will typically establish a standard for teaching and learning and will determine expected outcomes and what should be taught and who teaching should be conducted in order to achieve expected outcomes. However, teachers are responsible for the implementation and development of the curriculum. All too often however, teachers have demonstrated a tendency to ignore the curriculum or make only a half-hearted attempt to fully implement the curriculum. This paper makes a conclusion that England’s school curriculum policy directs that all publically funded schools are required to develop a curriculum that is ‘balanced and broadly based’ and ‘promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society’. The school curriculum must also ‘prepare pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life’. The national curriculum, which is a compulsory part of the school curriculum, ‘introduces’ student to the ‘best that has been thought and said; and helps engender an appreciation of human creativity and achievement’. In this regard, the national curriculum outlines main areas of education that students are at liberty to enhance and incorporate in lessons for helping children learn and develop skills and knowledge in compliance with the school’s curriculum.

Discrimination and Extreme Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Discrimination and Extreme Prejudice Essay RaStereotyping is a way of thinking about groups of people. It ignores the differences of the group, while emphasizing its similarity. One belief, that is a stereotype, is that red-haired people are hot tempered. Another belief is that Scottish people are stingy. Such thinking ignores many even-tempered redheads and generous Scottish people. Stereotyping emphasizes many differences between groups while ignoring their similarities to other people. It ignores that many blond and brown-haired people also lose their tempers. Stereotyping overlooks the fact that many American, Brazilians and French people are stingy. Stereotyping redheads or Scottish people usually does little harm. It typically leads to friendly kidding and good-natured jokes. Simple-minded stereotyping can be dangerous. The danger lies in exaggeration of differences in color, nationality, religion and language. We exaggerate the differences, ignoring what we share as human beings and become prejudiced. Prejudice is nourished by fear as it grows out of exaggeration. It is a profoundly negative emotion bearing the fruit of hatred. Racism is a form of extreme prejudice that leads to physical and psychological violence. Racists can be any color: white, black, brown, red or yellow. A white racist thinks all blacks are alike, while a black racist thinks all Hispanics are alike. In addition, a Hispanic racist may think all Native Americans are alike. The ethnic boundaries of racism pigeon hole another group, while having no boundaries of its own. It only requires a tangible object that can be pointed at, discriminated against, spat upon and attacked. The differences are not important because the attack comes from fear. Racism is expressed in labels including: chink, nigger, honky, wop, kike and Gook. Such is the power of stereotypical, simple-minded thinking. My brother was a small child when my family moved from Oklahoma to California, at the end of The Depression. Farmers had advertised in newspapers and flyers that there was plenty of work and good pay, luring families (like mine) from the overworked dust bowl farms. Many native Californians were angry that the Okies were arriving in such large numbers. As my brother entered his new school, he experienced stereotyping, by teachers and classmates. They teased him because he had an accent and wore Okie overalls. He worked hard at trying to fit in, even changing his accent. Though my brother made good grades and was a great athlete, the name calling continued and he remained the subject of many Okie jokes. As he entered high school, the stereotyping became prejudice. The hatred felt for him and others from Oklahoma became evident in the game, Get the Okie, where captured victims were thrown into garbage cans (where they belonged). My brother, who is over 65 years old, suffers from the prejudice he experienced as a young man, remembering the names of those who tormented him. He never understood the hatred directed at him, just because he came from another state.

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards Unit 3 Early years foundation standards are guidelines with in which a childcare facility work, members of staff must be checked by â€Å"Disclosure and barring service†, complete a Health declaration, least one member of staff needs a paediatric first aid certificate and should obtain a level 3 childcare qualification before they start caring for children, one member of staff must have suitable experience with under 2s, at least half of all other staff must hold a level 2 qualification in child care. The children’s health and safety is paramount. Child care facilities must work within the correct adult to child ratio, only permitting the correct number of children for the space they have available. Children under 2 1 adult -3 children Children aged 2 1 adult – 4 children Children aged 3+ 1 adult – 8 children Good. Within the facility provisions must be made for the development of every child, no child is excluded, every child must be supported in fulfilling their maximum potential, the early years stages have a long and lasting effect on the child’s future and ability to start school, no child should be left behind. Each child will be assessed so all of their needs can be met on an individual level and they have a personal plan in place so they succeed in all areas. The plan set in place should be available to parents, cares and any outside practitioner such as health visitors if needed. Every child should have equal opportunity, face no discriminatory actions and every child must be included and fully supported in their learning environment. Practitioners must remember every child is unique, they need to forge positive relationships, offer enabling environments, and plan varied activities as each child learns in a different way and at different rate , every child will have a key person, this person is the point of contact with the child’s parent or carer, they are responsible for helping the child be happy and safe, they are responsible for that child’s care, development and learning, they keep clear notes of the child’s progress and help parents with ideas for their child’s progress at home.( www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage) There are seven main criteria for the early year’s foundation the three prime areas are: Communication and language Physical development Personal, social and emotional development. Then there are four specific areas: Literacy Mathematics Understanding the world Expressive art and design. These core guides must be implemented into children’s everyday environment, communication and language: Children need to talk freely to one another and adults alike, roll play encourages children to interact, asking the children to describe things being big or small, talk about family members being male and female, young or old, encourage them to use descriptive language, and help them understand how it relates to them. Physical development: These activities develop the child’s skills set in handling equipment or showing control and co-ordination this is done with games or dance that involve pushing or pulling or outside games that use ball skills such as patting or kicking, throwing and catching, all of these skills help develop the child’s body and hand and eye co-ordination. Personal, social and emotional development: These skills are the ones a child needs to be confident, to talk and play with other children, to talk about themselves and their own environmen t, to talk about who they are. Doing an activity as simple as â€Å"show and tell† would give the child confidence to talk about something they love or something they have done, if you have children from many different cultures talking about their festivals and traditions encourages understanding of others. Literacy: Children love to be read to so try to use a story that is repetitive, giving the children confidence to join in, or ask the children to make up an alternative ending to a favourite story. Giving each child a word card and going round the room and using those words to build a story would help a child understand the context of the word and phonic sounds to build a word. Mathematics: Children enjoy filling and emptying bottles and containers using sand or water, doing so helps to understand, volume and size, building blocks can help them count, how many blocks can you build up before they collapse. Understanding the world: Children need to know where and how they fi t in, looking at traditions and festivals across all cultures encourages an understanding of self, making festival food , or making a garland worn at a wedding ceremony, helps the children understand the importance of different cultures, they also need to understand the natural world so going on a bug hunt, looking at the life cycle of a butterfly or creating a garden full of food for insects, this would help them understand the things they have seen and why there important to us as humans. Expressive art and design: Children like exploring and using many different materials, clay, play dough, card and paper, they can experiment with how to change their shape and form, use glue or tape and colour. Children like to be imaginative model making is a great way to encourage imagination and develop skills, mixing paint in to a variety of colours, so they can see that you only need primary colours to make any colour you wish. Respecting and valuing individuality Children and families must feel respect for who they are regardless of colour, race or sexual orientation, it’s the practitioners’ job to lead by example the children must understand that everybody is different, everybody has strengths and weaknesses, and everybody is valued. Encouraging manners, caring attitude and understanding will help children become well-rounded young adults. Children should be encouraged to celebrate their cultural differences, and to respect others family backgrounds, this needs to be done in a sharing way, having a world day were the children can look at different countries, the animals living there, the food, maybe ask a parent to ready a native story, it would bring to life the differences giving them greater understanding of where they fit in and how we all fit together. It is important for children not only to share their cultural differences but also their personal differences, some children are good at art some are good at swimming, helpi ng them celebrate their achievements helps children see that everybody is good at something but not all good at the same thing. Doing group activities helps the child learn to work as a team, encourage problem solving, help the children listen and negotiate with one another, or take time at lunch to sit together, talk politely, understanding that eating with the right cutlery and washing your hands before you sit down are all normal behaviour. Activity: Outcome: Awards, celebrate the children’s achievements in and out of care setting Reinforce positive self-image Make a class photo album, ask children to bring photos of family celebrations, and explore the different festivals across the cultures. Bring to life the different festivals and celebrations that happen around the world. Encourage understanding of other peoples culture Give children positive role models such as gold medal paralympians, put posters up around the room for the children to admire Let children understand that being disabled is not a negative and great achievements can still be made Include toys and play equipment that reflect other cultures, such as dressing up clothes, kitchen utensils in the play kitchen, puzzles and dolls By playing with these objects the children will become familiar with different cultures Cook food from around the world. Let the children make and taste different foods that they might not have everyday This activity would stimulate them and get them talking about feeling, texture, smell and taste. Cooking activities also help with measuring and science, and help children to understand health and safety and good hygiene. Sing songs and read stories from around the world, include rhymes and action songs Children love to participate; this activity is great for children whose first language is not English. Positive and negative behaviour Positive reinforcement is a technique used by care givers to modify behaviour, this involves giving positive reinforcement as often as possible, and reminding the children that negative behaviour will have consequences as a carer it is best to focus on the positive but if a negative occurs it needs to be dealt with swiftly and an explanation as to why it is negative behaviour, help the child to develop empathy, the child needs to know it is their behaviour you disapprove of not them as a person, if a child is consistently reprimanded for negative behaviour they will quickly become labelled as â€Å"the naughty child†, an action plan must be made for this child so that positive reinforcement can turn the situation around and positive behaviour becomes the norm. At no time should there be: pain, punishment, intimidation, yelling, degradation, humiliation, shame or guilt this would only hurt and confuse the child. Children need a positive environment to develop their self-esteem, emotional growth and well-being. (www.positivereinforcementforkids.com) Behaviour is not learned once but learned every day. Consistency is the key to dealing with any behavioural situation, children respond to set boundaries and feel safe knowing what is expected of them, let the children know what kind of behaviour you are looking for, with older children they could help set the consequences of their negative behaviour; it would encourage them to be more positive as they have set the rules. As the care giver you need to remain positive at all times it is your professional duty to do so, be a positive care giver, a negative attitude leads to a negative outcome! Consistency is key. Boundaries are needed to establish right from wrong. Children understand the their behaviour has consequences- both positive and negative Reward positive behaviour: give out stickers, or mark with a kind word â€Å"Thank you for being kind and helpful†, â€Å"Your team work was great†. Make the children feel valued and important. Star chart: so the children know that with consistent positive behaviour also comes reward. Praise the child for the effort not just their achievements, praise them for their strengths and remind them everyone is different. If you praise one child use the opportunity to encourage the rest of the group. Managing conflict We all encounter conflict every day, in the childcare environment it’s child to child conflict or child to adult conflict, study’s done at Texas tech uni by Dennis, Colwell and Lindsey show that girls often have child to child conflict that is more often than not resolved within their peer group, whereas boys often have child to adult conflict and that boys look to the adult to resolve the conflict.(www.kon.org/urc/dennis) As the practitioner it’s you job to manage conflict, like many life lessons children need to be equipped to deal with it, Vygotsky: a Russian social development theorist said â€Å" conflict provides a learning experience for children and in doing so they would learn to function better in the social context†, (www.simplypsychology.org) Vygotsky’s theory is not that uncommon amongst child behavioural theorist, his arguments are supported by the likes of Erikson who thought â€Å" life is full of conflict and in order to become a b etter person one must resolve conflict in each stage of life†. Often conflict is cause because of the developmental stage the child is at and they as children have not reached the stage where they have empathy or understanding, or sometimes children act out because it has become their learned behaviour, it is the way they have been treated or something they have seen in their everyday lives due to lack of good role models. As the care giver you need to step back and ask: Why is the child acting this way? What has made the child feel like this? Is it a cry for help? Does he/she need my understanding and empathy towards their feelings? Are the Childs need being met, are they unhappy, scared, confused or frustrated? Are they tired or hungry? Conflict is often born out of a misunderstanding, if identified quickly it can be resolved quickly, children need to feel that their side of the story is heard, as the care giver it is up to you to guide the situation from one of upset and stress on to a calmer and more positive footing, with a peaceful conflict resolution. Bibliography www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage http://www.positivereinforcementforkids.com/ www.simplypsychology.org www.kon.org/urc/dennis

Paideia: A Concept Contributing to the Education of Humanity and Societal Well-Being :: Philosophy

Contributing to the Education of Humanity and Societal Well-Being ABSTRACT: For the sake of humanity, outward compulsion must change into inward check. This is possible with the help of "paideia." I use "paideia" instead of the equivocal German word "Bildung," which comprises the meanings of "education," "formation," and "cultivation." The core of my recently developed concept of "paideia" is that the educating individual does what has to be done in a certain situation. He or she works alone or together with the other. In doing a work the educated individual tries to avoid any disadvantage for the other. The finished work represents the realization of both, the individual as well as the other in a step toward self-realization. This philosophy of education integrates into one single concept the two main traces of theories of education in European countries, namely the theories of "self-being" and those of "selflessness." The concept of "paideia" is a possible answer to actual problems such as the gap between the rich and the poor, the increase of vi olence, existing political radicalism, exploitation of natural resources and so on. According to this situation, not all people are educated very well. I claim that the expounded philosophy of education is able to contribute to the education of humanity. The combination of "self-being" and "selflessness" guarantees the optimal realization of sense in a given situation. This ensures that the common work of the individual and the other can develop very well, so that both are intertwined in the result. I. From Outward Compulsion to Inward Control For many years our present society has been characterized by sociologists and philosophers as being determined by three factors: first science and technology, second mass media including new forms of communications like the Internet, and third individualism and pluralism. These three characteristics of the present situation point to the diminuation of human possibilities. For on one side we live in a society of alleged unlimited possibilities with respect to science, technology, communication and personal individuality. On the other side, however, real thinking and doing, real talk and real self-shaping seem to grow poor or become impossible. The prize we are obliged to pay for our present society, the prize of our possibilities is ironically that of the impossibility of our special possibilities, be they personal or social. So the strive for perfection unmasks itself as an unplanned deterioration in many realms of social and personal life.